基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制研究

为解决交叉口因BRT优先影响其他车辆通行问题，提出基于交叉口双站台的BRT 优先控制方法. 给出交叉口BRT双站台设置方法，对比分析BRT在交叉口单、双站台的平均延误. 根据BRT发车时刻、交叉口信号配时、BRT平均车速、交叉口间距及站台停靠时间等，制定 BRT站台预停靠方案和行车时刻表. 为确保BRT按照预停靠站台及时刻表运行，采用BRT车速引导与信号配时双重补偿修正BRT 实际离站时刻与时刻表的偏差. 以常州BRT 1 号线为例，对应用本文方法的5 个交叉口进行分析. 结果表明：BRT在每个站台实际离站时刻偏差范围为±5 s、±10 s、±20 s 时，本文优先控制方法显著减少BRT停车次数和延误，提高了BRT整体运营效率.     

构建快速公交系统无缝衔接旅游区域与城际轨道站的分析与探索

本文分析了大中城市中短途休闲旅游的交通出行特征,探讨了当前中短途休闲旅游交通出行方式中存在的公共交通分担率较低等问题,论述了当前交通需求下积极构建快速公交系统无缝衔接休闲旅游景区与城际轨道站点的必要性。结合交通运输部提出的"快进"的旅游交通运输系统指示,通过构建无缝衔接换乘体系,打造能够适应当前休闲旅游"舒适、安全、便捷、快速"交通出行需求的快速公交无缝衔接体系,具有重要意义。     

Identifying preferences for public transport investments under a constrained budget

As urban areas face increasing demands for new transport infrastructure to promote a sustainable future with an increasing reality of constrained government budgets, the debate on whether we should focus on rail or bus-based investments continues unabated in many jurisdictions. Associated with the debate is an emotional (or ideological) bias by communities in favour of one mode, especially rail, which carries much sway at the political level as if there is no budget constraint. This paper presents a stated choice experiment to investigate this context as two unlabelled options described by 20 potential drivers of community preferences for improved public transport, where each choice scenario is conditioned on an estimated construction cost and a total annual transport infrastructure budget for the relevant geographical jurisdiction. This is followed by a labelling of each alternative to reveal whether the option is bus rapid transit (BRT) or light rail (LRT) and to establish whether this additional information influences preference revision. Data is collected in all eight capital cities of Australia in mid 2014. Mixed logit models with heteroscedastic conditioning in terms of the cost of the project infrastructure and whether the alternative is labelled BRT or LRT, provide new evidence on the nature and extent of community modal bias in a budget-constrained choice setting. The conclusions are twofold. On the one hand, if a fully compensatory choice rule is assumed (as is common in all previous modal comparison studies), LRT is predominantly preferred over BRT despite budgetary constraints, similarities in quality of service attributes and the opportunity to choose a greater network coverage for a given construction cost. However, when we allow for attribute non-attendance (a semi-compensatory choice rule), the modal bias is no longer a significant driver of preferences.     

岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术

为探究适合硬岩隧道岩爆段的快速施工技术,通过对硬岩隧道整体自稳性及岩爆特点的分析,提出以柔性支护为基础、以岩爆预测、松动圈测试和柔性网试验为保证措施的一种快速施工技术。依托米仓山隧道岩爆段的施工,利用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据对不同埋深下岩爆强度进行预测,合理划分米仓山隧道岩爆强度区段,并结合松动圈测试、柔性网试验,对锚杆和钢丝绳网的参数进行研究与验证。实践表明： 1)采用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据可以较准确地进行岩爆预测及强度区域划分; 2)利用松动圈测试结果能大致判断隧道开挖后围岩破裂区域的深度; 3)相比传统支护技术,采用喷射混凝土+涨壳式预应力锚杆+柔性防护网的快速支护技术,每循环施工可节省用时约4 h,整个岩爆区段施工速度可提高30%~40%。     

Estimating the bus user time benefits of implementing a median busway: Methodology and case study

This paper presents a general framework to estimate the bus user time benefits of a median busway including the effects on travel time and access time. Unlike previous models, we take into account the effects of geometry and the interaction with the demand structure. Models for predicting the bus in-vehicle time benefits of a median dual carriageway busway against mixed traffic condition on 2 and 3 lanes roads are estimated using data from a case study in Santiago (Chile), using a bus travel time model empirically estimated and considering different base case situations, including mixed traffic operations and bus lanes. Results of the application show that the expected in-vehicle time savings of a median busway might be reduced by access time losses due to increased walking distances and road crossing delays. Also, that net time benefits can vary significantly according to the base situation and the structure of demand considered. These findings point out to the need of including a wider set of impacts when studying the benefits of median busways, beyond in-vehicle time savings only. The empirical work presented here is completely based on passive data coming from GPS and smartcards, what makes easier and cheaper to conduct this type of analysis as well as to do it with a comprehensive scope at an early stage of the development of a BRT project. This framework can be extended to other types of dedicated bus lanes provided that a corresponding bus travel time savings model is available.     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

锂离子动力电池充电方式的研究

综述了国内外锂离子动力电池充电方式所经历的各个发展阶段和最新的成果,并阐述了每种充电模式的优缺点和对电池寿命的影响,着重介绍了快速充电方式的发展历程,总结出其发展的规律。在众多的充电模式中,脉冲充电和快速智能充电由于省时、高效和寿命长等优点已被大量研究和应用。本研究对锂动力电池的实际应用具有重要的指导意义。     

遵义市子尹路南延线长距离双连拱隧道快速施工技术

为解决双连拱隧道独头掘进不能提前施工中隔墙进而导致正洞无法开挖的问题,子尹路南延线隧道工程提出"三导洞+联络通道"的施工方法,这在国内尚属首次提出和应用。介绍该工法的基本原理,详细阐述其在子尹路南延线隧道工程中的实施过程。得到的主要结论如下:1)通过设置联络通道及组织洞内多次交通转换,使得中隔墙得以提前施工,实现了快速施工;2)通过确定合理施工步序,采用拱架密排对联络通道处加固、加强监测等措施确保了施工过程的安全。     

高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统研制

为提高高速列车车轮优化设计过程中车轮强度评价的效率,开发了高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统.基于数据库的车轮设计参数,利用ANSYS二次开发技术在ANSYS环境中驱动车轮三维模型的自动重建,以期望的网格密度,完成车轮模型的网格划分,继而按照车轮强度评价标准规定的工况,自动生成相应的强度分析前处理模型.调用ANSYS求解器完成强度仿真分析,最后进行数据后处理得到评价结论.以某型动车组车轮为例,通过人工计算与本文自动计算的结果对比,验证所开发系统的可靠性.